Third-party libraries are powerful, but they are also a major risk source. Most teams do not need a complex supply chain program to improve. They need basic visibility, a patch workflow, and a way to respond when a critical CVE hits.
This guide outlines practical steps to track dependencies and reduce third-party risk.
1. Build a current inventory
You cannot manage what you cannot see.
Practical steps:
- Generate an SBOM for each build.
- Track dependencies per service or repo.
- Keep the inventory in a shared location.
Reference:
- CISA SBOM overview: https://www.cisa.gov/sbom
2. Prioritize critical dependencies
Not all libraries carry the same risk.
Practical steps:
- Identify libraries that handle auth, crypto, or data parsing.
- Track libraries used in public-facing services first.
- Focus on dependencies with frequent CVEs.
3. Automate vulnerability scanning
Scanning should run on every build.
Practical steps:
- Use dependency scanning tools in CI.
- Fail builds on critical CVEs.
- Track exceptions with owners and expiry dates.
Reference:
- OWASP Dependency-Check: https://owasp.org/www-project-dependency-check/
4. Pin and update dependencies
Unpinned versions create unpredictable risk.
Practical steps:
- Pin dependencies to known versions.
- Schedule regular update windows.
- Track update backlog monthly.
5. Watch for transitive dependencies
Most vulnerabilities come from dependencies you did not choose directly.
Practical steps:
- Review transitive dependency trees.
- Remove unused libraries to reduce surface area.
- Prefer well-maintained libraries with active communities.
5a. Store SBOMs with artifacts
SBOMs are most useful when they are easy to find.
Practical steps:
- Store SBOMs alongside build artifacts.
- Keep SBOMs for each release version.
- Link SBOMs in release notes.
6. Secure package sources
If your package source is compromised, your build is compromised.
Practical steps:
- Use trusted registries and mirror critical packages.
- Require integrity checks where available.
- Restrict who can publish internal packages.
7. Build a response plan
Critical CVEs require a fast, consistent response.
Practical steps:
- Define who owns CVE response for each service.
- Create a 24-hour response path for critical issues.
- Track remediation in tickets.
8. Watch license and policy risk
Security risk is not just CVEs.
Practical steps:
- Track licenses for all dependencies.
- Block licenses that conflict with your policy.
- Document exceptions with owners.
9. Keep upgrade cadence predictable
Small, regular updates are easier than rare big jumps.
Practical steps:
- Set a monthly update window.
- Use automated update tooling where possible.
- Track dependencies that are more than 6 months behind.
10. Common dependency pitfalls
These patterns increase risk over time.
Pitfalls:
- Ignoring transitive dependencies
- Allowing unreviewed packages in production
- No owner for critical libraries
11. Starter plan for teams new to dependency hygiene
Keep the first cycle short and focused.
Starter plan:
- Generate an SBOM for one core service
- Enable dependency scanning in CI
- Patch one critical library and document the workflow
12. Track remediation time
Response speed matters during critical CVEs.
Practical steps:
- Track time from CVE disclosure to patch
- Record exceptions and reasons
- Review trends each quarter
13. Monitor runtime behavior
Dependency risk also shows up at runtime.
Practical steps:
- Watch for sudden error spikes after updates
- Monitor libraries that handle auth or crypto
- Add alerts for unexpected dependency changes
14. Use allowlists for critical packages
Critical systems benefit from stricter controls.
Practical steps:
- Maintain an allowlist for core security libraries
- Require review before adding new critical packages
- Reject unmaintained packages for production use
15. Set a dependency budget
Budgets keep growth in check and reduce future work.
Practical steps:
- Limit the number of direct dependencies per service
- Require justification for new critical libraries
- Review dependency counts quarterly and remove unused packages
16. Subscribe to security advisories
Fast awareness leads to fast response.
Practical steps:
- Subscribe to vendor and ecosystem security lists
- Track critical advisories in a shared channel
- Assign an owner to review new advisories
Even a weekly review keeps teams ahead of most urgent issues. It also helps prioritize which services need the fastest response. Use that priority list during incident triage.
Quick checklist
- Dependency inventory and SBOMs in place
- CI scanning enabled
- Critical CVEs trigger fast response
- Regular dependency updates scheduled
- Package sources secured
Closing thought
Dependency risk is manageable when you keep visibility high and response fast. A simple inventory and a consistent update process will prevent most surprises.
If you want help building a dependency risk process or tuning CI scans, we can help. We focus on practical steps that fit your team. Reach out through our consulting page to start a quick conversation.